A program logic model is a flow chart or map of the connections of the elements of a program. It includes goals and objectives, outcome and evaluation plan. Therefore,  a program logic model is a sequential framework of steps required to complete a programming task.
Why logic model is essential
A proper strategy is critical to maximize the impact of policy or project. For example, a good planning is essential to reduce the chaos and crisis of fund between the programs. To deliver an effective program not only the leader should be aware of the outcome but also other people involved in the project should have a clear picture of objective and outcome. Advantages of logic model are building consensus and developing a clear picture for stakeholders. Additionally, it enhances the understanding of the sequence of events from starting point to the end point and therefore provides a very realistic expectation for the people involved in the project.

How logic model is useful for health providers

A theoretical knowledge of programme logic  can be a useful tool in field work . For instance, to deliver  an effective anaemia programme in a village, it is important to think broadly rather than only supplying iron tablets to the community. In many rural health situations, health programme for a community usually captures attention at action level only. In other words, distribution of iron tablets to pregnant women may sound as a successful programme. However, it is important  understand that implementation of a successful logic model needs effective pre-planning. Successful programme involves short and long term outcome impact. It means that having a proper programme logic model will need a careful and broad pre and post programme evaluation.

Difference between logic model and logic theory

Logic theories rationalize a program by explaining how and why a programme is supposed to work. The logic theory explains if and then. For example, a good program theory will describe that if strategies were taken to address alcohol use in young women, then the occurrence of foetal alcohol syndrome in babies will be dramatically declined. Therefore, program theory will explain the process in an elaborated fashion. On the other hand, a logic model will depict the mapping of the activities of the project.
Kellogg described five columns for the logic model.
1. Resource input
2. Activities
3. Output
4. Outcome
5. Impact

How to develop logic model
1.Review and clarify the links between activities and outcome
2. Add input and output for each activity- Inputs are the raw materials for a program such as staff, funds, and volunteers. Outputs are expressed in numbers. For example how many people participated in oral polio vaccine program and how hours of service they will provide.
3. Construct a draft model- it sometimes appears to be complicated, but it shows the connection between the input and activities. The Interesting thing is to know that one activity can lead to multiple outcomes, and various activities may result in one outcome. For example, fortification of flour and prescribing folic acid tablet during early pregnancy are two different events. However, the outcome is to prevent neural tube defect in a new born baby.
4. Review and revise- It usually takes several revisions before it reaches its final form.

 

Keleher, H., & MacDougall, C. (2016). Understanding health (Vol. Fourth). South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.

Rowitz, L. (2014). Public health leadership: putting principles into practice (Vol. 3rd). Burlington, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning.